辉瑞疫苗都管什么?
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is an mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection. It contains messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences of the virus's spike protein, which are encoded by the gene S. The vaccine provides instructions for making a piece of viral protein – called the 'spike'– that is found on the surface of the coronavirus but is absent from normal human cells. It cannot replicate [6]; 这种疫苗是“非复制型”的messenger RNA(信使RNA)疫苗,其含有SARS- CoV-2病毒棘突蛋白的mRNA序列。这些序列由基因S编码,当被注射到人体后,它们会指导细胞制造一种叫做棘突的病毒蛋白片段——这种蛋白会在冠状病毒的表面上,但在正常的人体细胞中却不存在[7]。
The mRNA sequence in Pfizer's vaccine offers your body three benefits. Firstly,it instructs your cells to make the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein so they can start recognising it,第二,它会让身体产生具有免疫反应的S蛋白,第三,它可以刺激免疫系统产生抗体和记忆B细胞。
Four weeks later, you will have developed some level of protection【8】 四周后,你的身体会产生某种程度的保护。但是,这种保护性抗体的持久性和有效性还有待进一步观察。在接种者体内,目前只发现了短暂的T cell响应,这表明基于mRNA的COVID-19疫苗的免疫原性可能不及其他的疫苗。因此还需要更多的研究和临床试验来确认这种疫苗的有效性。
This vaccine doesn’t contain the live virus so there isn’t any risk of spreading the disease.然而,任何接种的疫苗都可能发生变异,进而影响疫苗的效力。为了应对这种可能性,研究人员正在加快疫苗的新一代,同时也在研发针对各种变种病毒的疫苗。